Pavement
Guide to Pavement Technology Part 3: Pavement Surfacings
- Publication no: AGPT03-25
- ISBN: 978-1-922994-99-8
- Published: 10 October 2025
- Edition: 2.0
- PDF (free) Download
Part 3 of the Guide to Pavement Technology addresses the selection of the most appropriate pavement surfacing. It identifies the significant factors that need to be considered in the selection of the most appropriate surfacing, their inter-relationships and the rationale for assessing the surfacing options available. User requirements will vary with speed, road geometry and environment, while material requirements will be affected by traffic and environmental factors, the availability of suitable materials, and cost.
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- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Guide to Pavement Technology
- 1.2 Development of pavement surfacings in Australasia
- 1.3 Overview
- 2. Surfacing Types
- 2.1 Sprayed treatments
- 2.2 Asphalt
- 2.3 Microsurfacing
- 2.4 Concrete
- 3. Function and Characteristics of Surfacings
- 3.1 General
- 3.2 Function of road surfacings
- 3.3 Surface characteristics and performance
- 3.3.1 Longitudinal profile and roughness
- 3.3.2 Transverse profile and rutting
- 3.3.3 Skid resistance
- 3.3.4 Texture
- 3.3.5 Noise
- 3.3.6 Conspicuity of line markings
- 3.3.7 Delineation
- 3.3.8 Water Spray
- 3.3.9 Appearance
- 3.3.10 Strength
- 3.3.11 Cracking
- 3.3.12 Resistance to shear forces
- 3.4 Service life
- 4. Sprayed Seals
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Aggregate size
- 4.2.1 Size range
- 4.2.2 Sand
- 4.2.3 5 mm and 7 mm
- 4.2.4 10 mm and 14 mm
- 4.2.5 16 mm and 20 mm
- 4.3 Binder
- 4.3.1 Bitumen
- 4.3.2 Polymer Modified Binders (PMBs)
- 4.3.3 Bitumen emulsions
- 4.4 Prime
- 4.5 Initial seal
- 4.6 Sprayed seal (secondary and retreatments)
- 4.6.1 General
- 4.6.2 Single/single seals
- 4.6.3 Multiple application seals
- 4.6.4 High stress seals (HSS1 and HSS2)
- 4.6.5 Extreme stress seal (XSS)
- 4.6.6 Strain alleviating membrane (SAM)
- 4.6.7 Strain alleviating membrane interlayer (SAMI)
- 4.6.8 Geotextile reinforced seal (GRS)
- 4.7 Surface enrichment/rejuvenation
- 4.8 High friction surface treatment
- 4.9 Coloured surface treatments
- 5. Asphalt
- 5.1 General
- 5.1.1 Asphalt mix types
- 5.2 Binders
- 5.2.1 Bitumen, multigrade bitumen and polymer modified binder
- 5.2.2 Epoxy resin and polyurethane modified binders
- 5.3 Dense graded asphalt
- 5.4 Open graded asphalt
- 5.5 Stone mastic asphalt
- 5.6 Fine gap graded asphalt
- 5.7 Thin asphalt surfacings
- 5.8 Crumb rubber asphalt mixes
- 5.9 Recycled asphalt
- 5.10 Warm mix asphalt
- 5.11 Cement grout filled macadam
- 5.1 General
- 6. Microsurfacing Treatments
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Microsurfacing
- 6.3 Cape seals
- 7. Concrete
- 7.1 Concrete surfaces
- 7.1.1 Concrete surface finishes
- 7.2 Concrete segmental pavers
- 7.1 Concrete surfaces
- 8. Selection of Surfacings for New Pavements
- 8.1 General
- 8.2 Road class
- 8.3 Pavement types
- 8.3.1 Suitability
- 8.3.2 Granular pavements with sprayed seal surfacings
- 8.3.3 Granular pavements with thin asphalt surfacing (asphalt ≤ 40 mm)
- 8.3.4 Granular pavements with thick asphalt surfacing (asphalt >40 mm, ≤ 75 mm)
- 8.3.5 Deep strength and full depth asphalt pavements (asphalt > 75 mm)
- 8.3.6 Concrete pavements
- 8.3.7 Concrete segmental pavers
- 9. Selection of Surfacings for Retreatment
- 9.1 General
- 9.2 Selection process
- 9.3 Effect of resurfacing treatments on existing road surface condition
- 9.4 Surfacing retreatment types
- 9.4.1 Sprayed seals
- 9.4.2 Slurry surfacing
- 9.4.3 Asphalt
- 9.4.4 Concrete
- 9.4.5 Combination treatments
- 9.4.6 Miscellaneous surface correction treatments
- References
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