Asset Management
Review of Skid Resistance and Measurement Methods
- Publication no: AP-T177-11
- ISBN: 978-1-921709-73-9
- Published: 24 May 2011
- PDF (free) Download
This report provides a review of research and developments in skid resistance measurement methods. The objective is to provide up-to-date information on the major issues (e.g. variability) involved in skid resistance measurement.
This report supplements the existing Austroads technical reports – Guide to Asset Management Part 5F: Skid Resistance (2009), Guide to Asset Management Part 5G: Texture (2009) and Guidance for the Development of Policy to Manage Skid Resistance AP-R374-11, and aims to provide a better understanding of the variables in skid resistance measurement, as they may apply to skid resistance management.
- 1. BACKGROUND
- 1.1. Objective and Scope
- 2. SKID RESISTANCE – INTRODUCTION
- 2.1. Surface Texture Characteristics in Relation to Skid Resistance
- 2.1.1. Microtexture and Skid Resistance
- 2.1.2. Macrotexture and Skid Resistance
- 3. SKID RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT METHODS
- 3.1. Continuous Network Measurement Methods
- 3.1.1. Sideways-force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine (SCRIM)
- 3.1.2. GripTester
- 3.1.3. Road Analyser and Recorder (ROAR)
- 3.2. Portable Site Measurement Methods
- 3.2.1. British Pendulum Tester (BPT)
- 3.2.2. Direct Friction (DF) Tester
- 3.2.3. Vericom
- 4. SURFACE TEXTURE MEASUREMENT METHODS
- 4.1. Macrotexture Measurement Methods
- 4.1.1. Volumetric Techniques
- 4.1.2. Visual Texture Evaluation
- 4.1.3. Laser Profile Technique
- 4.1.4. Image Analysis Techniques
- 4.2. Microtexture Measurement Methods
- 5. FACTORS AFFECTING SKID RESISTANCE
- 5.1. Slip Ratio
- 5.2. Slip Speed
- 5.2.1. Interaction between Slip Ratio and Slip Speed
- 5.3. Water Film Thickness
- 5.4. Tyre Condition
- 5.4.1. Contact Stress and Tyre Hardness
- 5.4.2. Tread Design and Wear
- 5.5. Temperature
- 5.5.1. Temperature Susceptibility of Synthetic Rubber
- 5.6. Road Geometry
- 5.7. Surface Contamination and Rainfall
- 6. SEASONAL VARIATION
- 6.1. Allowances for Seasonal Variation
- 7. SKID RESISTANCE CORRELATION EXERCISE
- 7.1. PIARC International Friction Index (IFI)
- 7.2. HERMES Project
- 7.3. Australian Runway and Roads Friction Workshop
- 7.4. Austroads Christchurch Correlation Study
- 7.4.1. IFI Conversion
- 7.5. New Zealand Correlation Studies
- 7.6. Harmonisation of SCRIM and GripTester in Chile
- 7.7. TYROSAFE Project
- 7.8. Summary of Correlation Exercise Review
- 8. POLISH RESISTANCE OF AGGREGATE
- 8.1. Test Method Development
- 8.2. Review of Polish Resistance Test Methods
- 8.2.1. PSV Test (BSEN 1097.8)
- 8.2.2. PAFV Test – Vertical Wheel Method (AS1141.40)
- 8.2.3. PAFV Test – Horizontal Bed Method (AS1141.41)
- 8.2.4. Wehner Schulze Tester
- 8.2.5. Accelerated Polishing Machine
- 9. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSV AND CRASHES
- 9.1. PSV versus Skid Resistance
- 9.1.1. PAFV versus Skid Resistance
- 9.2. Skid Resistance versus Crash Rate
- 9.3. Discussion on PSV versus Crashes
- 10. INFORMATION FROM OTHER PROJECTS
- 10.1. Management of Scarce and Quality Resources (TT1352)
- 10.2. Aggregate Polishing Test – Replacing Reference Aggregate (TT1608)
- 11. DISCUSSION
- 11.1. Seasonal Variation
- 11.2. Aggregate Polish Resistance
- 11.3. Harmonisation of Skid Resistance Measurements
- 11.4. Discussion on Standardisation for Australasia
- 12. RECOMMENDATIONS
- 12.1. Discussion and Recommendations for Australasian Calibration Exercise
- 12.2. Discussion and Recommendations for Seasonal Variation Investigation
- REFERENCES
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