Environment

This report outlines a number of methods for estimating externalities and gives a brief description of the current position with development of estimates of road transport externalities, based on a review of recent local and international literature. Valuation of traffic crashes, congestion and noise, air pollution and the resulting health and global warming effects, water pollution, vibration, ecological impacts, land take and visual impacts are discussed. For some of these externalities, estimated ranges of values identified in the literature review are tabulated. The potential is raised for look-up tables for use in Australia and New Zealand with ranges of estimates and supporting guidelines for practitioners.