Tunnels
Guide to Road Tunnels Part 4: Retrofitting Tunnels
- Publication no: AGRT04-24
- ISBN: 978-1-922700-45-2
- Published: 23 September 2024
- Edition: 2.0
- PDF (free) Download
Guide to Road Tunnels Part 4 provides guidance on the retrofitting of existing tunnels, including the need for refurbishment, the types of refurbishment and processes for developing project requirements. Guidance is provided on geometric considerations relating to cross-sections, traffic management functions including signs and lighting, fire and life safety including fire protection and evacuation, mechanical systems including pumps and lifts, electronic systems including power supply, energy efficiency and sustainability.
The update to Edition 2.0 of this Guide is detailed in the report Sustainability in Road Tunnels: Updating the Guide to Road Tunnels.
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Purpose
- 1.2 Scope of Part 4
- 2. General Requirements for Tunnel Retrofitting/Refurbishment
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Providing a Safe System
- 2.3 Providing a sustainable tunnel
- 2.4 Critical infrastructure protection
- 2.5 Risk analysis
- 2.6 Traffic management during retrofitting/refurbishment
- 2.7 Testing and commissioning
- 3. Establishing the Need for Refurbishment
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Tunnel inspections regime
- 3.3 Process for developing project requirements
- 3.3.1 Introduction
- 3.3.2 Safety file
- 3.3.3 Overall process
- 3.3.4 Developing and implementing the concept
- 3.3.5 Summary
- 3.4 Types of refurbishment/retrofit/renewal
- 4. Traffic Capacity Expansion
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Additional tubes
- 4.3 Widening existing tubes
- 4.4 Rearranging lane configuration
- 4.5 Geometric design considerations
- 4.5.1 General requirements
- 4.5.2 Design requirements
- 5. Traffic Management Functions
- 5.1 Signs and lighting
- 5.1.1 Signs
- 5.1.2 Lighting
- 5.2 Traffic management systems
- 5.1 Signs and lighting
- 6. Fire and Life Safety
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Fire protection
- 6.3 Evacuation
- 6.4 Structural fire protection
- 7. Mechanical Engineering Features
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Ventilation systems
- 7.3 Other mechanical components
- 7.3.1 General
- 7.3.2 Pumps and pumping stations
- 7.3.3 Crane and hoist systems
- 7.3.4 Lifts
- 8. Electrical/Electronic Engineering Features
- 8.1 Electronic control systems
- 8.2 High voltage/low voltage power supply and distribution systems
- 8.3 Other electrical/electronic systems
- 8.4 Network and systems architecture
- 9. Other Refurbishment and Repairs
- 9.1 Tunnel structure
- 9.1.1 General
- 9.1.2 Concrete structural elements
- 9.1.3 Water ingress
- 9.1.4 Supported ceilings and hangers
- 9.1.5 Unlined rock tunnels
- 9.2 Cladding
- 9.3 Other structural features
- 9.4 Pavements
- 9.1 Tunnel structure
- 10. Drainage
- 11. Energy Efficiency
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Ventilation
- 11.3 Lighting
- 11.3.1 Lighting equipment
- 11.3.2 Portal treatments
- 11.3.3 Control equipment
- 11.3.4 Reflective properties of pavement and walls
- 11.4 Drainage
- 11.5 Temperature regulation
- 12. Environmental Considerations
- 13. Heritage Issues
- References
- Appendix A Case Study 1: M2 Norfolk Twin Tunnels
- A.1 The project
- A.2 Original tunnels
- A.3 Widened tunnels
- A.4 Design of the support
- A.4.1 Geotechnical assessment
- A.4.2 Widening design
- A.4.3 Portals
- A.4.4 Bolt durability details
- A.5 Widening construction
- A.5.1 Stabilisation of original shotcrete
- A.5.2 Tunnel services
- A.5.3 Sequencing of works
- A.5.4 Construction noise
- A.5.5 Construction monitoring
- A.5.6 Quality control
- A.5.7 Conclusions
- Appendix B Case Study 2: Refurbishment of the Terrace Tunnel, New Zealand
- B.1 Background
- B.2 The Terrace Tunnel refurbishment
- B.2.1 Safety features
- B.2.2 Fire and life safety risk assessment
- B.2.3 The options for ventilation and egress
- B.2.4 Multi-criteria assessment
- B.2.5 Combined assessment – multi-criteria and whole-of-life cost
- B.3 The fire and life safety systems
- B.3.1 Design fire
- B.3.2 Detection
- B.3.3 Emergency response systems
- B.3.4 Lighting
- B.3.5 The Terrace Tunnel deluge system
- B.3.6 Jet fans
- B.3.7 Hydrant system
- B.3.8 Fire alarm indicator panel (FAIP)
- B.3.9 Control buildings
- B.3.10 Automatic traffic management system
- B.3.11 Other safety features
- B.3.12 Conclusion
- Commentary 1
- Commentary 2
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