Pavement

Table of Contents

Appendix D Determination of Maximum Pavement Temperature

For this Guide, the pavement temperature regime is categorised as low, medium or high, based on maximum pavement temperatures determined in accordance with the procedures described below.

Pavement temperature categories used for the selection of modified binders are shown in Table D 1.

Table D 1: Pavement surface temperature

Maximum pavement surface temperature	Temperature category
< 52 °C	Low
52–58 °C	Medium
> 58 °C	High

The values contained in the following tables may be used to select a maximum pavement surface temperature (T_max) (°C) for use in assessing the pavement temperature regime (Table D 1).

The following method was used to calculate the T_max at each site using data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology web site (http://www.bom.gov.au):

For each state or territory consult climate averages listed under climate information.
Select monthly statistics for the appropriate site from the alphabetical list. For example, Victorian sites are listed under http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/ca_vic_names.shtml.
Use ‘all available’ statistics to view detailed data.
Determine the highest ‘decile 9 maximum temperature’ (90^th percentile, or T₉₀, temperature) for the selected site.
Record the latitude of the site, also shown on the same web page.
Use the appropriate relationship from Table D 2 for the site latitude to determine T_max for the site.

Table D 2: T_max by latitude

Latitude	Relationship between T_max and T₉₀
> 41°S	T_max = T₉₀ + 20 °C
35°S to 41°S	T_max = T₉₀ + 21 °C
27°S to 35°S	T_max = T₉₀ + 22 °C
24°S to 27°S	T_max = T₉₀ + 23 °C
< 24°S	T_max = T₉₀ + 24 °C

T_max values for various places in Australia are provided in Table D 3 and Table D 4.

Table D 3: T_max for Australian capital cities

Capital cities
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Adelaide airport	35.0	36.4	58
Brisbane	27.5	32.7	55
Canberra	35.3	35.0	56
Darwin airport	12.4	34.9	59
Hobart	42.9	27.8	48
Melbourne	37.8	35.6	57
Perth airport	31.9	38.5	61
Sydney (CBD)	33.9	30.1	52

Table D 4: T_max for Australian locations

New South Wales & ACT
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Albury	36.1	37.9	59
Armidale	30.5	31.0	53
Bathurst	33.4	34.1	56
Bega	36.7	33.4	54
Bellingen	30.5	35.4	58
Blayney	33.5	31.7	55
Bourke	30.1	42.2	64
Braidwood	35.4	34.5	56
Broken Hill	32.0	39.8	62
Byron Bay	28.6	30.4	52
Campbelltown	34.1	35.8	58
Canberra	35.3	35.0	56
Casino	28.9	35.7	58
Cessnock	32.8	37.7	60
Cobar	31.5	41.1	63
Cooma	36.2	33.7	54
Coonabarabran	31.3	36.6	59
Cowra	33.9	37.8	60
Deniliquin	35.6	40.0	61
Dubbo	32.2	38.2	60
Forbes	33.4	39.8	62
Glen Innes	29.7	30.9	53
Gosford	33.4	33.9	56
Goulburn	34.8	35.0	57
Grafton	29.7	34.9	57
Griffith	34.3	37.4	59
Gundagai	35.1	38.6	60
Hay	34.5	40.0	62
Inverell	29.8	34.7	57
Katoomba	33.7	30.2	52
Kempsey	31.1	32.5	55
Kiandra	35.9	26.1	47
Lismore	28.8	34.5	57
Lithgow	33.5	32.0	54
Liverpool	33.9	34.6	59
Merimbula	36.9	27.3	48
Molong	33.1	36.1	58
Moree	29.5	38.2	60
Moruya	35.9	26.1	47
Moss Vale	34.5	31.5	55
Mudgee	32.6	36.2	58
Murwillumbah	28.4	33.6	56
Narooma	36.2	26.6	48
Narrabri	30.3	38.5	61
Narrandera	34.7	39.4	61
Newcastle	32.9	29.4	51
Nowra	34.9	31.9	54
Nyngan	31.6	40.0	62
Orange	33.3	33.3	55
Parkes	33.2	38.0	60
Parramatta	33.8	35.0	57
Port Macquarie	31.5	28.0	50
Richmond	33.6	35.5	58
Singleton	32.6	37.6	60
Sydney (CBD)	33.9	30.1	52
Tamworth	31.1	37.0	59
Taree	31.9	34.5	58
Tenterfield	29.1	31.5	54
Thredbo	36.5	27.0	48
Tumut	35.3	35.6	57
Wagga Wagga	35.2	37.9	59
Walgett	31.0	41.1	63
Wellington	32.5	36.8	59
Wentworth	34.1	40.0	62
Wilcannia	31.6	42.0	64
Wollongong	34.4	30.4	52
Yass	34.8	36.0	58
Young	34.3	37.0	59

Victoria
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Bairnsdale	37.8	34.0	55
Ballarat	37.5	33.7	55
Benalla	36.6	37.0	58
Bendigo	36.8	36.1	57
Bright	36.7	34.9	56
Colac	38.3	35.0	56
Dandenong	38.0	35.0	56
Echuca	36.2	38.2	59
Frankston	38.2	32.3	53
Geelong	38.1	34.4	55
Horsham	36.7	37.8	59
Melbourne	37.8	35.6	57
Mildura	34.2	40.6	63
Nhill	36.3	37.8	59
Omeo	37.1	32.9	54
Orbost	37.7	34.3	55
Ouyen	35.1	39.9	61
Swan Hill	35.3	38.3	59
Wangaratta	36.4	37.2	58
Warragul	38.2	34.0	55
Warrnambool	38.4	32.3	53
Wodonga	36.1	37.8	59
Yallourn	38.2	33.0	54

Queensland
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Bowen	20.0	33.7	58
Brisbane	27.5	32.7	55
Cairns	16.9	34.4	58
Caloundra	26.8	29.8	53
Charleville	26.4	41.1	65
Charters Towers	20.1	38.6	63
Cooktown	15.5	33.9	58
Cunnamulla	28.1	41.1	63
Dalby	27.2	36.7	59
Emerald	23.5	38.9	63
Georgetown	18.3	39.4	63
Gympie	26.2	35.4	58
Ipswich	27.6	36.3	58
Kingaroy	26.6	33.7	57
Mackay	21.1	32.8	57
Maryborough	25.5	33.5	57
Miles	26.7	37.3	60
Monto	24.9	36.0	59
Mount Isa	20.7	41.7	66
Nambour	26.6	33.7	57
Rockhampton	23.4	35.8	60
Roma	26.6	38.9	62
Southport	28.0	31.2	53
St George	28.0	39.0	61
Toowoomba	27.6	32.2	54
Townsville	19.2	33.5	58
Warwick	28.2	34.5	57

South Australia
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Adelaide Airport	35.0	36.4	58
Ceduna	32.1	40.0	62
Coober Pedy	29.0	43.0	65
Keith	36.1	38.2	59
Mount Gambier	37.8	33.6	55
Murray Bridge	35.1	38.4	59
Port Augusta	32.5	40.2	62
Port Pirie	33.2	40.0	62
Renmark	34.2	39.8	62
Whyalla	33.0	39.0	61

Western Australia
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Albany	35.0	27.1	50
Broome	18.0	37.8	62
Bunbury	33.4	35.1	57
Cape Leeuwin	34.4	26.0	48
Carnarvon	24.9	37.8	63
Dampier	20.7	41.0	65
Esperance	33.8	34.8	57
Eucla	31.7	37.3	59
Fremantle	32.1	36.0	58
Geraldton	28.8	40.1	62
Kalgoorlie	30.8	40.6	63
Kununurra	15.8	41.4	65
Manjimup	34.3	34.4	56
Meekatharra	26.6	42.2	65
Merredin	31.5	40.0	62
Morawa	29.2	42.2	64
Mt Magnet	28.1	42.9	65
Narrogin	32.9	37.2	59
Norseman	32.2	39.1	61
Northam	31.7	40.5	63
Ongerup	34.0	36.0	58
Paraburdoo	23.2	44.1	68
Perth Airport	31.9	38.5	61
York	31.9	40.3	62

Northern Territory
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Alice Springs	23.7	41.1	65
Barrow Creek	21.5	41.2	65
Daly Waters	16.3	40.6	65
Darwin Airport	12.4	34.9	59
Katherine	14.5	40.3	64
Tennant Creek	19.6	41.6	66

Tasmania
Site	Latitude	T₉₀	T_max
Burnie	41.1	24.5	45
Campbell Town	41.9	30.3	50
Devonport	41.2	24.0	45
Flinders Island	40.1	27.5	49
Geeveston	43.2	28.9	49
Hobart	42.9	27.8	48
King Island	39.9	25.3	46
Launceston	41.5	28.5	49
New Norfolk	42.8	30.5	51
Queenstown	42.1	29.3	49
St Helens	41.3	28.2	48
Scottsdale	41.2	27.6	49
Swansea	42.1	27.2	47

Pavement

Appendix D Determination of Maximum Pavement Temperature

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